We discussed the quantum mechanical model atom orbital and the salient features of the model. Also, we learned about the reason for the failure of Bohr’s Model of Atom and how the Quantum Mechanical model explains the dual nature of an electron through Schrodinger’s equation. Through this article, we studied the quantum mechanical model of atom definition, the Dual nature of matter and Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle. Ultimately, Bohr’s Model lost its significance and could not be extended to other atoms. It was later established that an electron and other similar microscopic particles have dual nature, i.e., they can behave as a particle and can also have a wave nature. His model was in contradiction with the uncertainty principle, according to which the path traced by the electron is only probable and not exact. Bohr believed the path of the electron could be traced only by considering its particle nature. The orbit closest to the nucleus is the \(K\) shell and has the least amount of energy, and the electrons present in it are \(K\) electrons, and so on with the successive shells and their electrons.Īccording to Bohr’s Model, an electron is a charged particle moving in a well-defined circular orbit around the nucleus. An electron may jump from an orbit of higher energy to lower energy, thereby emitting energy.įor convenience, these energy levels are labelled \(K, L, M, N,\) and so on. Therefore, these orbits are called stationary states or energy levels. While an electron is revolving in orbit, it neither gains nor loses energy. Electrons can revolve only in some permissible orbits called shells or energy levels, each associated with a fixed amount of energy. The centripetal force required for the circular motion is provided by the electrostatic force of attraction between the electrons and the nucleus. Electrons revolve around the nucleus in circular paths. The nucleus carries all the positive charge and most of the mass of the atom. An atom consists of a very small central core called the nucleus. In \(1913,\) Neil Bohr explained the stability of the atom based on the observations of his experiments. Hence, it can be concluded that the position and velocity of an electron can never be determined simultaneously and accurately. The atomic orbital is represented by the wave function \(\) This aspect has ultimately led to the concept of atomic orbitals. Therefore, the path of the electron is only probable and not exact. The exact position and the exact velocity (or momentum) of an electron cannot be determined simultaneously. The quantized energy levels in which electrons can be present are obtained from the solutions of the Schrodinger wave equation. The energy of the electrons in an atom is quantized, i.e., it can have only certain specific values. Some of the salient features of the Quantum Mechanical Model of an atom are as follows. Schrodinger wave equation gives a better picture of the atom than Bohr’s model. Practice Exam Questions Features of Quantum Mechanical Model
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